Sleep Apnea

People with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have disrupted sleep and low blood oxygen levels. When obstructive sleep apnea occurs, the tongue is sucked against the back of the throat. This blocks the upper airway and air flow stops. When the oxygen level in the brain becomes low enough, the sleeper partially awakens; the obstruction in the throat clears and the flow of air starts again, usually with a loud gasp.

Repeated cycles of decreased oxygenation lead to very serious cardiovascular problems. Additionally, these individuals suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, and loss of concentration.

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Some patients have obstructions that are less severe called Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome (UARS). In either case, the individuals may suffer many of the same symptoms.

The first step in treatment resides in recognition of the symptoms and seeking appropriate consultation. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons are part of a team that offers consultation and treatment options.

In addition to a detailed history, the doctors will assess the anatomic relationships in the maxillofacial region. With cephalometic (skull x-ray) analysis, the doctors can ascertain the level of obstruction. Sometimes a naso-pharyngeal exam is done with a flexible fiber-optic camera. To confirm the amount of cardiovascular compromise and decreased oxygenation levels, a sleep study may be recommended to monitor individuals overnight.

There are several treatment options available. Initial non-surgical treatment may consist of using a nasal CPAP machine that delivers pressurized oxygen through a nasal mask to limit obstruction at night or the fabrication of a jaw repositioning mouthpiece that holds the jaw forward at night which also can open the airway. 

Some patients with very narrow airways may benefit from Maxillomandibular Advancement Surgery. This is an orthognathic surgical procedure usually treatment planned with orthodontists. This procedure involves surgically repositioning both the upper and lower jaws. This widens the airway and allows improved airflow which improves sleep apnea symptoms.